The conception of water resource envi ronment is put forward, by which, the auther attempt to discover the serious water resource problems in the west region of China. According to the practice of water resource environment in the west region, the technical and policy countermeasures are put forward, it includes protecting sustainable space of water source, renewing and reconstructing the damaged water resource environment by ecological engineering, developing water saving irrigation agriculture, the first grade principle of sustainable eco-environment and ecological compensation mechanism.