The both special data structures, vector and raster, are used in surveying the regional soil erosion survey and mapping soil erosion intensity atlas based on the RS GIS (Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System). The methods and techniques were discussed, including how carve up polygons, how to capture the values of factors of impressing soil erosion, and how to differentiate erosion intensity. According to the analysis results based on the two special data structures, the two methods can both be used to estimate the soil erosion intensity, but each method has its respective characteristic. The method based on raster can reflect more of the erosion differentiation between the micro regions, meanwhile the method based on vector can do more of the distribution of various erosion intensity grade. From the dynamic monitoring and trend forecasting, it is convenient and more rapid for raster to capture the value of erosion factors, to analyze dynamic pattern and to predict the development.