The situation of ecological environment of Shaanxi province are analyzed form the aspect of soil erosion, land desertification, water resource, industrial pollution and so on. The factors that restrict social economical development of Shaanxi province are raised by giving some statistic data. The countermeasures are put forward to improve the environmental situation and speed up the economical development, that are (1) adjusting the structure of the land use, and developing the ecological industry; (2) strengthening the management of water resource and establishing water saving society; (3) speeding up the construction of forest and grass and protecting the biological resource; (4) optimizing the rural and urban energy sources structure and industry and town layout; (5) establishing the system of environmental impact evaluation; (6) establishing and perfecting environmental policies; (7) speeding up scientific and technological researches etc.