The domain and advancements of vulnerability are concluded. It is believed that the research is weak in aspect of water resource and that the scope should be widened and the academic and applied research should be strengthened. The vulnerability of water resource is redefined to describe the ability of the system to recover its original structure and function when it is damaged. The research scope is widened, and a integrative index system is built to express the vulnerability of water resource, and a quantitative assessment method is brought forward.