The current concerning of the populations,cultivated land resource,and the grain system in Shaanxi province are analyzed.The tendencies of the populations,cultivatedland,and the grain etc in the coming 10 years are forecasted by means of Logistics'curve.The bearing capacity of population under the different average consumption level of grain is calculated.The cause and problem of existence the system disequilibria are analyzed,and the strategic countermeasures are finally put forward.