长江三峡花岗岩坡面管流与渗流实验研究
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国家自然科学基金项目“长江三峡库区优先流对地表径流过程的影响”(40171014)


Pipe Flow and Infiltration on Granite Slope in Three Gorges Area of the Yangtze River
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    摘要:

    以优先流形式运动的土壤水分运动过程不遵从达西定律,管流是优先流的一种形式。为研究管流对土壤水分运动的影响,在长江三峡花岗岩坡面,选择了一受人为活动影响较小的天然次生马尾松林地作为试验场地。采用双环渗透筒法分层测了不同层次土壤的水分渗透特性,用自记流量计测定了管流过程和土壤渗流过程,同时进行了降雨过程的观测。对数场降雨、管流及渗流过程数据分析结果表明,由花岗岩风化而成的土壤水分入渗性能较好,在所划分的7层土壤水分渗透过程中,地表层0—10cm的土层水分渗透性最差,可能是由于地表层的黏粒含量较高,土壤质地较细所至,不透水层距地表深度约为150~200cm,坡面渗流主要产生于该深度之上。在降雨初期,渗流以非饱和流的形式流动,土壤大孔隙通道内无法形成快速连续的水流,因此不能产生管流。随降雨历时延长,土壤水分含量逐渐达到饱和状态,开始有管流产生,因此,相对于坡面渗流,管流总是于其后产生。可以推断管流的产生需要有更高的土壤水分含量。

    Abstract:

    Water movement in the form of preferential flow does not follow Darcy's Law. Pipe flow is one kind of preferential flow. To study the effect of pipe flow on soil water movement, a natural, secondary, largely undisturbed Pinus massoniana woodland in the granite region of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River was selected as an experimental plot. Properties of seven soil layers were measured using a double cycle infiltrator. Pipe flow and infiltration was recorded using automatic flowmeters. Rainfall also was observed over the same period. The results show that the infiltration capacity of the soil is related to the higher proportion of weathered granite in this region relative to other areas. Of the seven soil layers measured, the surface layer (0—10cm), has the lowest infiltration capacity. It is probably due to a higher clay content in the surface layer relative to other layers and a fine texture characteristic. An impervious layer occurs 150—200cm below the soil surface. Pipe flow mainly is generated over this layer. At the initial stage of rainfall, the soil water moves as unsaturated flow. First, continuous flow does not be occur and pipe flow is not generated during this stage. With continued rainfall, the soil becomes saturated and pipe flow begins. The production of pipe flow demands higher soil water content than that resulting from average infiltration in the soil profile.

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何凡,张洪江,史玉虎,祁生林,程金花,潘磊.长江三峡花岗岩坡面管流与渗流实验研究[J].水土保持通报,2004,(6):10-13,44

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  • 收稿日期:2004-02-24
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  • 在线发布日期: 2014-11-26
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