The influence of land use/land cover change on ecosystems is one of the most active frontiers of land science research in the world. This paper examines the influence of land use and land cover change on a regional ecosystem, with a focus on aspects including biodiversity, climate and land degradation. The results indicate that land use affects biodiversity in Fujian Province both positively and negatively due to different types of change in land coverage. Land use affects the climate, mainly by changing the land surface albedo and atmospheric composition. Different types of land use lead to different degrees of soil erosion and soil nutrient loss. The paper also considers the effects of land use on wetlands.