Abstrcat The Loess Plateau watershed rehabilitation project is a large scale comprehensive controlling engineering with first time using foreign capital for soil and water conservation field in China. The model of large scale, high standard, high quality, high velocity and mass control is used, and the project implementation goes on wheels. By the end of project, the social and ecological environment of project area is improved obviously, the soil and water loss has been controlled effectively, the income of farmer in project area is increased markedly with 1 158 Chinese Yuan. Since the project has been implemented, the productive condition of agriculture and rural foundation has been improved, the structure of agriculture industry has been adjusted, dominant industry has been formed, and the typical model of watershed comprehensive control has been set up with feasible operation of economy and sustainable development of environment