In order to rapidly execute the central government decision that converting farmland to forest and grass-land,and recovering ecological environment,estimating population bearing capacity correctly becomes one of the basic research work. Taking Shanxi Province (or Shanxi Province Yellow River watershed) as the studying re-gion,using correlated statistic and test data,establishing differenthierarchical structure of grassland utilization ra-tio and different class of meat-eating consumption level,the population bearing capacity of grassland resource of Shanxi Province and itsincluded counties and cities are study dynamically through single entry and component types. In conclusion,it could provide theoretical basis for converting farmland to forest and grassland and the eco-logical migration of Shanxi rovince.