According to the analysis of topographic characters,climate types,the change trend of both temperature and precipitation,use of the technique of RS and GIS,the spatial distribution pattern of macro-scale ecological background were discussed.Conclusion was made as follows:(1) On the countrywide scale,the research area was a part of 6 topography domains and 11 topography regions.(2) There were 7 types of climate in the research area.The East Region was prevailingly controlled by the meso-temperate forest-to-steppe climate,while the Middle Region,by the warm-temperate continental forest-to-steppe climate,and the West Region,by the temperate cold alpine grassland climate.(3) In the recent 40 years,climate change trends varied from region to region.In the East Region it showed mainly a tendency of warm-humid type,while in the Middle Region,a cold-arid type and in the West Region,back to a warm-humid type.(4) According to the geomorphic and climatic characteristics,the research area was divided into three regions: East North-by-Northeast China Farming-pastoral Zone(East Region for short),Middle Farming-pastoral Zone in Shanxi,Shaanxi, Ningxia and Gansu Provinces(Middle Region for short) and West Farming-pastoral Zone in Gansu and Qinghai Provinces(West Region for short).