Based on the data of temperature and precipitation at 54 meteorological stations in Shaanxi Province from 1961 to 2004, and the calculation for accumulated temperature during winter, influences of thermal and water resources on winter wheat were analyzed. Results indicated that seasonal and annual mean tempera-tures changed obviously in the mid 1980s, decreasing before the mid 1980s, increasing after the mid 1980s, and increasing rapidly after 1990s. Precipitation showed a reducing tendency. Thermal resource increased and the planting area of winter wheat expanded northward after 1980s. Serious drought and water shortage ap-peared in 1990s. The negative impact of climate change on winter wheat was greater than the positive.