The Chaohe River basin,which accounts for 31% of the area of upper Miyun Reservoir catchment,was selected as the study area.Effects of soil and water conservation on reducing soil and water loss,improving ecological environment, and increasing local social and economic benefits were studied by analyzing the status of soil and water conservation,as well as soil and water loss.Some problems existing in soil and water loss control in the Chaohe River basin were expounded in order to provide policy enlightenments for comprehensive watershed management.