天然灌草植被防治土壤风蚀机理
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国家科技支撑课题(2006BAD26B03;2006B0702)


Mechanism of Natural Shrub-Grass in Controlling Soil Erosion by Wind
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    摘要:

    通过对毛乌素沙地不同下垫面上风速、地表粗糙度、临界起沙风速、风沙流结构的观测,发现植被覆盖可以有效防止地表风蚀。植被盖度为40%的固定沙地近地表0.2 m高度平均风速比流动沙地降低43%,侵蚀风的持续时数降低85%,临界起沙风速提高70%,地表粗糙度提高180倍;当风沙流速度相同时,20%覆盖度的半固定沙地较流动沙地可平均降低输沙62.33%;而植被盖度为40%的固定沙地较流动沙地可平均降低输沙93.07%。实验证明,单株植物同样可以降低风速。疏透结构和透风结构的单株沙蒿分别可以使植株后0.5 m高度的风速较植株前方平沙地同高度的风速下降59.4%和19.8%。

    Abstract:

    Through field investigation on wind speed,aerodynamic roughness,rate of sand transportation,and structure of wind-sand flow on different underlying surfaces,we found that vegetation cover can effectively prevent soil erosion by wind.In comparison of the fixed sandy land of 40% vegetation coverage with the drifting sand dune without coverage,the average wind speed at the height of 0.2 m was reduced by 43%,the successive time of threshold wind velocity for soil erosion was reduced by 85%,the threshold wind velocity for soil erosion was increased by 70%,and aerodynamic roughness was increased as much as 180 times.Compared with the drifting sand dune,when the speed of wind-sand flow is similar,the rate of sand transportation on the semi-fixed sandy land was reduced by 62.33%,while fixed sandy land,by 93.07%.The results indicate that a single plant can also reduce wind speed.Two single Artemisia ordosica can reduce wind speed at the height of 0.5 m by 59.4% and 19.8%,respectively.

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王翔宇,赵名彦,丁国栋,尚润阳,孙保平,张宇清,吴斌.天然灌草植被防治土壤风蚀机理[J].水土保持通报,2008,(5):55-59

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  • 收稿日期:2007-09-10
  • 最后修改日期:2007-11-29
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  • 在线发布日期: 2014-11-26
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