小流域坡耕地治理措施及生态效益研究
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国家自然基金(40971166;40671115); 重庆市自然基金重点项目(2007BA1015); 国家科技支撑计划重点项目(2008BAD98B01); 黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室基金(10501-270); 西南大学生态学重点学科“211工程”建设项目


Control Measures and Ecological Benefits on Sloping Farmland in a Small Watershed
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    摘要:

    三峡库区铁炉沟小流域的坡耕地治理采用了坡改梯、经果林、水保林等措施。为了找出生态效益最佳的措施,在小流域内设置了19个简易径流小区,以顺坡耕作(玉米)为对照,对经果林(柑橘)、经果林(桑树)、水保林(松树)、水保林(白杨)、梯土(桃树+黑麦草)、梯土(玉米)等6种措施治理的坡耕地进行了对比试验。试验结果表明,梯土(桃树+黑麦草)的生态效益最佳,径流系数比对照措施减少了74.45%,产沙量比对照措施减少了90.39%,土壤容重最小(1.25g/m3),总孔隙度最大(52.01%),最大稳渗速率达到5.6mm/min,土壤有机质、全N、全P、全K和速效N、速效P、速效K的含量均最高。此外,调查研究也表明梯土(桃树+黑麦草)的经济效益最佳,高达13950元/hm2。所以,梯土(桃树+黑麦草)是可以在三峡库区推广的小流域坡耕地治理措施。

    Abstract:

    In the management of sloping farmland in Tielugou small watershed in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region,measures such as terracing and forest were taken. In order to find out the measures with the best ecological benefits,19 runoff plots adopting 7 kinds of measures were established in the area by taking longitudinal farming (corn) as the contrast measure. Experimental results showed that terracing (peach + perennial ryegrass) gave the best ecological benefits. Other investigations also revealed that terracing (peach + perennial ryegrass) gave the best economic benefits,about 13 950 yuan/hm2. Therefore,terracing (peach + perennial ryegrass) was completely worthy of promotion in sloping land management in the Three Gorges Reservoir Resion.

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谌芸,何丙辉,罗雷.小流域坡耕地治理措施及生态效益研究[J].水土保持通报,2010,(2):41-45

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  • 收稿日期:2009-08-29
  • 最后修改日期:2009-12-07
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  • 在线发布日期: 2014-11-26
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