Soil and water conservation programs have been institutionalized and standardized since the end of 20th century, but lots of practitioners make some mistakes when they work on the soil and water conservation program between construction projects and production and construction projects. There are many dif ferences in the soil and water conservation program between construction projects and production and construction projects. Based on the years experience of making the program, we summarized the similarities and differences between construction projects and production and construction projects in view of service life, soil loss prediction, soil loss prevention target, and other aspects. This work may be helpful to avoid the mistakes in making soil and water conservation programs.