近50年黄土高原风蚀区风速的区域变化特征分析
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国家科技支撑计划项目“黄土高原水土流失综合治理工程关键支撑技术研究”(2006BAD09B00);欧盟框架计划项目“荒漠化防治与修复”(FP6,DESIRE,037046)


Regional Disparity and Change of Wind Velocities in Wind Erosion Area of Loess Plateau During Last 50 Years
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    摘要:

    风影响着地面热量平衡和水循环,也是土壤风蚀的主要动力。选取黄土高原风蚀区12个代表站1957-2009年的风速资料,采用距平累积、Mann-Kendall等分析方法,研究了12个站点的平均风速、最大风速变化特征以及起沙日(DTS)的变化规律。结果表明,黄土高原风蚀地区西部和北部地区的固原、盐池县年平均风速最大,东部地区河曲县风速最小,固原、横山和绥德地区的年均起沙日最多。靖远、银川和绥德的年平均风速呈现显著增大趋势,其余站点年平均风速都呈现降低趋势。年最大风速均呈现减小趋势。日最大风速的极大值出现在4-5月,5月份起沙日出现次数最多,由于该时段春耕扰动地表,而且植被萌发前地表覆盖较小,故容易产生风蚀。

    Abstract:

    Wind is one of the main driving forces of soil wind erosion,effecting surface heat balance and water circulation. Based on wind speed data collected at 12 stations in wind erosion area of Loess Plateau during 1957-2009,accumulation deviation from average and Mann) Kendall test were used to analyze the characteristics of average wind velocity,maximum wind speed and days of air-suspended sands(DTS,wind velocity>6 m/s). T he results show that Guyuan and Yanchi Counties had the highest averages wind speed and Hequ County has the lowest. Counties of Guyuan,Henshan,and Suide had the most days of air-suspended sand. The annual average speeds at three stations,i.e.,Jingyuan County of Gansu Province,Yinchuan City of Ningxia Hui Autonoumous Region and Suide County of Shaanxi Province exhibited a linear increasing trend during the period,but showed decreasing trend at other stations. The annual maximum wind speeds of the study area decreased in the whole period. The annual maximum wind speeds were mostly found in April or May,when soil wind erosion occurred easily because of the tillage and low vegetation coverage at the early spring. T he most DT Ss were found in May and more DT Ss were recorded at Guyuan,Hengshan and Suide Counties are more than at the other areas.

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范清成,王飞,穆兴民,刘振东.近50年黄土高原风蚀区风速的区域变化特征分析[J].水土保持通报,2011,(3):40-43

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  • 收稿日期:2010-10-19
  • 最后修改日期:2010-11-30
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  • 在线发布日期: 2014-11-26
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