黑土坡耕地不同水土保持措施的土壤水蚀特征研究
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国家科技支撑计划“松嫩平原侵蚀黑土农田保水保肥及修复关键技术集成与示范”(2009BADB3B04)


Characteristics of Soil Erosion by Water Under Different Soil and Water Conservation Measures on Sloping Farmland of Black Soils
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    摘要:

    针对北方干旱地区坡耕地严重的水土流失问题,采取垄向区田、深松、横坡种植、免耕播种等水土保持耕作措施,于2010年,以黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市东兴村5°坡耕地径流场为研究对象,研究了不同耕作措施对地表径流、土壤侵蚀和降雨入渗的影响。结果表明,这几种水土保持耕作措施均有不同程度的减流减沙作用,其中横坡种植效果最为明显,地表径流量和土壤流失量较常规耕作分别减少了92%和90%,稳定入渗率较常规耕作提高了41.2%。不同耕作措施的径流系数过程线的变化、径流含沙率变化以及产流量、产沙量的变化均符合横坡免耕>横坡种植>深松+区田>垄向区田>少耕深松>免耕>常规耕作>裸地这一变化规律。

    Abstract:

    Different tillage measures of soil and water conservation,such as ridge tillage,subsoiling,cross-slope cultivation,and no-tillage seeding,are taken to control serious soil erosion on sloping farmland in the arid areas of Northern China.In 2010,the effects of different conservation tillage measures on surface runoff,soil erosion,and rainfall infiltration were studied on a 5° farmland in Dongxing Village,Qiqihar City,Heilongjiang Province.Results showed that all the conservation tillage measures had a certain effect on the reduction in runoff and soil erosion.Cross-slope tillage had the most obvious effect,with which surface runoff and soil erosion were reduced by 92% and 90%,respectively,and stable infiltration rate was increased by 41.2% as contrasted with conventional tillage.Changes in runoff coefficient,sediment concentration in runoff,runoff generation,and sediment yield under the different conservation tillage measures were all consistent with the order of cross-slope no-tillage cross-slope cultivation subsoiling and ridge tillage ridge tillage less tillage and subsoiling no-tillage conventional tillage bare land.

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齐智娟,张忠学,杨爱峥.黑土坡耕地不同水土保持措施的土壤水蚀特征研究[J].水土保持通报,2012,(1):89-92,97

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  • 收稿日期:2011-03-30
  • 最后修改日期:2011-05-10
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  • 在线发布日期: 2014-11-25
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