Soil samples were collected at depth of 0-20 cm from a number of continuous cropping cotton fields across the Aler reclamation area of the upper reaches of the Tarim River. Five soil enzymatic activities and seven soil physieochemical properties were analyzed and their relationships were investigated using path analysis. The results showed that the enzymatic and physicochemical properties differed significantly between the continuous cropping cotton fields of various ages. Path analysis showed that soil enzymatic activities were mainly affected by total nitrogen in the soil and were significantly negatively correlated with soil pH value. The other factors such as soil organic matter, available P, available K and soil moisture indirectly influenced the enzymatic activities. Soil bulk density was found irrelevant with enzymatic activities.