The enforcement of grain-to-green program converts large areas of farmlands to forests; its effi-ciency in turn affects the evaluation on the impacts of the policy. Farmlands covering a total area of approxi-mately 2.54 × 106 hm² were returned to forests in Qinba mountainous area, accounting for 10% of all the farmland planned to be converted. According to the questionnaires and the interviews carried out on 10 town-ships from 7 counties of the 3 provinces, the ecological benefits of the porgram were becoming explicit while the economic benefits did not match the expectation, which mainly results from the lack of scientific planning and technical instruction. Consequently, the ecological goal of the government has been achieved while the economic goal to substitute long-term income sources of the farmland owner has not been achieved completely (encouraging farmers to work temporally in the cities cannot ensure their income source permanently, espe-cially at their old ages). To achieve both of the ecological and economic goals, instruction and demonstration of feasible technologies and follow-up technical supports are required.