By selecting the research region located in Houzhai River basin of Puding County in central karst region of Guizhou Province, water samples of perennial spring water in forest area, farming area, rural resi-dential area and town residential area were collected and analyzed to investigate the influence of urbanization on the N and P concentrations in shallow groundwater and the change of water quality. Results show that the concentrations of NO^-₃and NH⁺₄in shallow groundwater were within 1.18～43.6 and 0.017～0.290mg/L, respectively, of which the concentrations of NO^-₃and NH⁺₄in the shallow groundwater of forest area, farm-ing area and rural residential area were in the range of the classⅢ water quality, but the concentration of NH⁺₄in town residential area was beyond the classⅢ water quality. The concentration of total P was within 0.012～0.682mg/L, but in rural and town residential areas, the concentration of total P exceeded the limit of water quality. The contents of N and P in groundwater increase in the process of urbanization, which ex-erts a significant impact on groundwater quality in the karst hilly area.