嘉陵江流域降雨侵蚀力时空变化分析
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中国科学院国际合作项目“渭河流域水环境问题综合治理对策研究”(GJHZ1018)


Spatiotemporal Variability of Rainfall Erosivity in Jialing River Basin
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    摘要:

    降雨侵蚀力是降雨引起土壤侵蚀的潜在能力, 对预测土壤侵蚀量具有重要意义。 对嘉陵江流域12个气象站的日降雨量资料, 利用章文波日降雨侵蚀力模型估算流域的降雨侵蚀力。 结果表明:嘉陵江流域降雨侵蚀力的空间变异与降雨量的空间分布趋势基本一致, 由东南向西北递减, 变化于800~9 000MJ.mm/(hm2·h·a)之间;流域内降雨侵蚀力年际变率Cv在0.346~0.493之间, 除平武站呈显著减少外并无显著变化趋势;年内降雨侵蚀力随季节变化, 夏秋季降雨侵蚀力较大, 冬春季降雨侵蚀力较小。 降雨侵蚀力年内集中度高, 6-9月份的降雨侵蚀力占全年降雨侵蚀力的80%以上。近50a降雨侵蚀力存在35a, 21a的主周期变化, 且对应不同的丰枯状态。 研究结果表明, 虽然年降雨侵蚀力无明显变化, 但年内却相对集中于夏秋两季, 因此仍要做好汛期的水土流失等灾害的防治。

    Abstract:

    Rainfall erosivity shows the potential soil erosion induced by rainfall and is very important in pre-dicting soil erosion quantitatively. With the daily rainfall data from 12 meteorological stations in Jialing River basin, rainfall erosivity in the basin was estimated and its spatiotemporal variability was analyzed by using the daily rainfall erosivity model. Results showed that the spatial characteristic of rainfall erosivity was con-sistent with the spatial distribution of rainfall, declining from southeast to northwest and varying from 800 to 9000MJ·mm/(hm2·h·a). The inter-annual variation was great and Cv was between 0.346 and 0.493. However, result from Mann-Kendall test showed there was no significant trend of variation except Pingwu station with a decreasing trend. Rainfall erosivity presented seasonal dynamics in the whole year. The sea-sonal distribution of rainfall erosivity was highly centralized and rainfall erosivity from June to September oc-cupied 80% of the whole year. Rainfall erosivity had the periods of 21 and 35 years and different rainy-drier periods in the last 50years. Through the study, there was no significant trend of variation in annual rainfall erosivity, but rainfall erosivity was relatively concentrated in the summer and autumn. Therefore, some measures should be taken to prevent soil erosion or other disasters in flood season.

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段文明,穆兴民,王飞,赵广举,高鹏.嘉陵江流域降雨侵蚀力时空变化分析[J].水土保持通报,2012,(5):182-185

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  • 收稿日期:2012-02-10
  • 最后修改日期:2012-04-06
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  • 在线发布日期: 2014-11-25
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