不同坡长与雨强条件下坡度对细沟侵蚀的影响
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国家自然科学基金项目“细沟侵蚀发育过程及空间形态的三维数字模拟”(40971165),“坡面水蚀动力与细沟发育形态的相互作用机制及其影响因素”(41271304),“东北典型黑土区坡耕地水土保持措施对地表径流及其侵蚀的调控和机理研究”(41001165)


Effect of Slope Gradient on Rill Erosion Under Different Rainfall Intensities and Slope Lengths
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    摘要:

    采用室内纯净水人工模拟降雨试验,以坡度为10°,15°,20°和25°,土槽为5,10m2两种规格,进行了降雨强度分别为1.5和2.0mm/min的降雨试验。利用三维激光扫描仪对每一场降雨前后的坡面进行监测,分析了不同坡长,降雨强度条件下坡度对细沟侵蚀的影响。结果表明,产流时间随坡度的变化并没有显著的规律性,跌坎出现时间随坡度的增加而缩短,产流时间与跌坎出现时间主要由降雨强度控制,坡长增长对产流时间的提前有促进作用。径流量随着坡面由缓变陡呈现先增加后减少变化,在降雨总量相同,不同雨强条件下,坡面径流量差异不大。坡面侵蚀量随坡度的增加而增大,降雨强度在一定程度上增强坡度对侵蚀量的影响,而坡长在一定程度上会减弱坡度的影响。侵蚀速率随降雨历时的变化速度随坡度的增加表现为先增加后减缓,并存在临界坡度。降雨强度和坡长会增强坡度对侵蚀速率的影响。

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    Simulated rainfall experiments were conducted under 1.5and 2mm/min rainfall intensities,with fourslope gradients(10°,15°,20°,25°)and two slope lengths(5,10m).Purified water was used for the simulationexperiments.To study the effects of slope gradient on rill erosion under different surface conditions,a threedimensional laser scanning system was used to monitor the subtle changes on slope surface before and aftereach rainfall experiment.The results indicated that the time of runoff initiation showed no significant trendwith slope gradient,drop-pits appeared earlier with greater slope gradient.Both the initiation time for runoffand drop-pit were mainly controlled by the rainfall intensity.And the increase of the slope length promotedearlier initiation of runoff.The runoff rate was first climbing up and then declining with increasing slope gradients.No significant variations were found in the total runoff under different rainfall intensities with thesame volume of rainfall.The sediment yield increased with slope gradient,which was further enhanced by increasing rainfall intensity but weakened by increasing slope length to some extent.Moreover,during therainfall process,soil erosion first increases with slope rapidly and the increasing rate reduced after a criticalgradient was reached,which could be further enhanced by both rainfall intensity and slope length.

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陈俊杰,孙莉英,刘俊体,蔡崇法,蔡强国.不同坡长与雨强条件下坡度对细沟侵蚀的影响[J].水土保持通报,2013,(2):1-5

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  • 收稿日期:2012-05-06
  • 最后修改日期:2012-09-17
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  • 在线发布日期: 2014-11-12
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