The evaluation of regional land use performance and its obstacle indicator identification is the guarantee of sustainable land resources use.The paper takes the South Shaanxi as a study area,which is an important ecological fragile region.The data used is mainly from the statistics of socio-economy and land use structure in the region in 2009.An evaluation index system consisting of 16indices from the natural,socialeconomic and environmental factors influencing land use performance has been established.Related mathematical methods and econometric models are used to make a quantitative and comprehensive appraisal of land use performance in South Shaanxi Provnce.Results show that:(1)The land use performance of different counties(districts)in the region is at an intermediate level as a whole.And there is a significant special difference of land use performance among all the counties.The special difference of land use performance primarily corresponds with the urbanization process and the discrepancy of socio-economic development level.(2)The special differentiation of land use performance does not correspond with the special differentiation of land use structure information entropy in South Shaanxi Province.Hantai District is at the highest level in both land use performance and land use structure information entropy.The land use performance of Langao and Zhenping Counties is the lowest,as well as the information entropy of land use structure of Liuba and Foping Counties.(3)The percentage of forest cover,cultivation index,construction area per capita,multiple crop index,GDP of per hectare land,fixed asset investment per unit area,net income of per capita,unit of output value of construction land become the main limited factors to the land use performance.Finally,some measures are proposed to improve the land use performance in South Shaanxi Province.