Grain production is the most basic industry for the residence in soil and water loss area of Loess Plateau. Based on the data analysis in the representative counties of this region, the grain production potential is proved to be substantial in this region. The possible ways to realize the grain production potential were proposed accordding to the reconstruction of the low and medium production farm lands, climate and natural resources. To enhance the grain production, more efforts should be put on cultivating the good seed, improving the efficiency of soil water usage, popularizing the technology of reconstruction of low and medium production farms, and strengthening the farm infrastructure.