In order to investigate the effect of changes of forest type converted from chinese hickory(Carya cathayensis Sarg.)-evergreen broad-leaved mixed forest to pure C. cathayensis forest on litter and soil hydrological characteristics, we studied the difference of the water conservation abilities between C. cathayensis broad-leaved mixed forest and pure C. cathayensis forest in 0, 5, 10 and 20 a by using comparative sampling adjacent plots method. Results showed that woodland litter water-holding capacity, absorption rate and soaking time relations were in line logarithmic and exponential functions. The 0 a woodland litter accumulation, maximum water-holding capacity and effective interception amount were significantly higher than 5,10, 20 a C. cathayensis woodlands. As the extension of managing time, the woodland litter accumulation, maximum water-holding capacity and effective interception amount showed a downward trend. Compared with 0 a woodland, others decreased by 38.2%~54.6%, 58.1%~69.7% and 21.0%~33.2%. The differences of the soil bulk density, non-capillary porosity, capillary porosity, total capillary porosity and water holding capacity and other indicators in different managing histories of C. cathayensis forest were not significant. Compared with the water-holding capacity (21 450.0 t/hm²) of 0 a woodland soil, through different years of management, the water-holding capacity decreased from 10.6% to 20.4%. All of these indicate that the forest litter and soil hydrological effects were reduced after the C. cathayensis evergreen broad-leaved mixed forest was converted to pure C. cathayensis forest.