By Using EM₅₀ data collection system, soil moisture and temperature in the freezing and snowmelt periods were collected in the Juntanghu watershed situated on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains, Hutubi County, Xinjiang Autonomous Region. The software, such as SPSS 19.0, Excel and surfer 8, was used to process the collected data. Meanwhile, change of surface soil moisture was simulated by soil temperature. The results indicated that there was a vertical distribution of soil moisture. In the freezing period, the minimum soil moisture was observed at the depths of 10, 32, and 48 cm; in the freezing period, the daily change of soil moisture was relatively little; and in the snowmelt period, the change was obvious, reaching a peak value at 17 to19 o'clock. The temperature of surface soil layer is able to simulate the soil moisture very well and the simulation has a better result both in temperature-rise and temperature-fall periods.