Spatial characteristics of soil physiochemical properties, soil microbial biomass carbon(SMBC) and soil microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN) within 10 cm of soil surface in the Huainan reclaimed coal mine area were studied through field investigation and laboratory analysis. Results showed that contents of soil organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus in cultivated lands(rape, wheat and vegetable greenhouse) were higher than those in woodland, but soil pH value was opposite. The land uses, in order of decreasing SMBC content, were vegetable greenhouse, rape, wheat, woodland and the control. Moreover, the SMBC content in vegetable greenhouse was significantly higher than the other cultivted land uses. The land uses, in order of decreasing SMBN content, were vegetable greenhouse, wheat, rape and woodland. The SMBN content in woodland was significantly higher than the other agricultural land uses. The soil microbial quotient was the highest in woodland, indicating that woodland was more suitable to soil microbial activities and soil organic matter accumulation. There was a significant correlation between the SMBC and SMBN, which further confirms that the SMBC and SMBN can be used as the sensitive factors to characterize the soil fertility.