民勤绿洲农田休闲期土壤水分调控技术
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国家自然科学基金项目"滴灌条件下土壤-地膜-玉米-大气系统水分传输机制与模拟"(51169001);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划课题"西北生态脆弱区经济作物高效用水关键技术研究与示范"(2011BAD29B04);水利部公益性行业科研专项"疏勒河流域规模化集约高效农业过程控制技术"(201301082);甘肃省青年科技基金计划"麦秸-塑膜复合覆盖对土壤水热及环境的影响机制"(145RJYA281)


Soil Moisture Control Technology During Fallow Period of Farmland in Minqin Oasis
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    摘要:

    通过TRIME-IPH土壤水分测定仪和微型蒸渗器,测定了农田休闲期不同耕作及覆盖条件下土壤水分动态变化规律,并结合气象数据比较了不同耕作和覆盖处理的优越性,分析了休闲期不同耕作覆盖措施对土壤水分及降水利用状况的影响,提出了农田休闲期水分调控措施。结果表明,传统耕作模式与覆盖措施相结合减少了土面蒸发,提高了降水的转化利用率,适宜的田面处理方式(深翻+起垄+覆全膜,深翻+起垄+覆草和深翻+平整+覆全膜)封冻前20 cm处含水率较常规处理(深翻)提高40.8%,31.3%和29.7%,整个休闲期日均蒸发量分别降低0.36,0.20和0.27 mm/d,累计蒸发量分别下降23.3%,15.0%和24.1%,其中深翻+平整+覆全膜处理的抑制蒸发效果最为显著。考虑到覆盖材料的收集、采购费用等因素,采用深翻+平整+覆全膜和深翻+起垄+覆全膜处理是适宜在民勤绿洲推广的农田休闲期水分调控措施之一。

    Abstract:

    Using different farming and coverage methods, an experiment in farmland was conducted to determine soil moisture dynamic change regulation with TRIME-IPH and miniature micro-lysimeter soil moisture tester during fallow period. The advantage of different farming and coverage methods were compared with weather and other auxiliary data. The measured data were analyzed to learn the effect of different farming and coverage measures on soil water and precipitation utilization. It indicated that traditional farming model combined with cover measures could reduce surface soil evaporation and improve the utilization and conversion rate of natural rainfall. The soil moisture of suitable treatment for farmland surface(commune+ridging+covering film, commune+ridging+covering grass and commune+flat+covering film) increased by 40.8%, 31.3% and 29.7% in 20 cm before freezing compared with conventional treatment(commune), the daily average evaporation decreased 0.36 mm/d, 0.20 mm/d and 0.27 mm/d respectively in leisure period, and the cumulative evaporation capacity decreaseed by 23.3%, 15.0% and 24.1%. Among them the inhibition of evaporation processing effect for commune+flat+covering film is most significant. Considering the factors such as cover material collection, procurement cost, leisure farm uses the commune+ridging+covering film and commune+flat+covering film are the suitable water control measures for in Minqin oasis.

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丁林,雒天峰.民勤绿洲农田休闲期土壤水分调控技术[J].水土保持通报,2014,(5):135-139

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  • 收稿日期:2013-10-14
  • 最后修改日期:2013-11-25
  • 在线发布日期: 2016-04-05