Based on Spot Vegetation data, using the methods of vegetation phenology analysis, Hurst index and partial correlation coefficient, the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of vegetation phenology, developing trends and driving factors on Loess Plateau in Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia region during 1999-2010 were analyzed. The results showed that:(1) The average phenology in the region from 1999 to 2000 showed the characteristics of the latitudinal zonality. At the higher latitude area, the start of growth(SOG) was delayed, the long of growth season(LOG)was shorten, and the end of growth season(EOG) was advanced. On the contrary, the SOG was advanced, and the LOG was extended, and EOG was delayed.(2) The Hurst index of the phenology in the region during 12 years was showed that the synthetic sustainability area was greater than the anti-continuity area, with the weaker sustainability changing, and the area was general distributed in east-west orientation.(3) The phenology in the region was affected by rainfall, and related to the latitude and river network. The temperature in the lower latitude was higher, it could promote the vegetation to absorb more moisture, thus, the vegetation turning-green was advanced and the growth cycle was extended in the area of lower latitude or rich in water resource; On the contrary, the temperature in drought and higher latitudes was lower, the stagnation of vegetation growth was advanced, and the growth cycle was shorten.