鄂尔多斯高原西部清代洪涝灾害与气候事件特征
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国家社会科学基金重大项目"鄂尔多斯高原历史地理研究"(11&ZD097);中国科学院黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室项目(SKLLQG121428)


Characteristics of Flood Disaster and Climate Events in Western Ordos Plateau in Qing Dynasty
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    [目的] 揭示鄂尔多斯高原西部清代洪涝灾害发生规律和等级。[方法] 根据历史文献统计分析,并应用小波分析等方法开展研究。[结果] 鄂尔多斯高原西部清代发生洪涝灾害89次,平均每3 a发生1次。鄂尔多斯高原西部清代洪涝灾害可分为5个阶段,第1阶段在1644-1733年,第2阶段在1734-1783年,第3阶段在1784-1813年,第4阶段在1814-1863年,第5阶段在1864-1912年。第1,3,5阶段是洪涝灾害低发阶段,第2,4阶段是高发阶段。在该区清代发生洪涝灾害89次中,轻度灾害占24.7%,中度灾害占65.2%,重度灾害占10.1%。[结论] 该区清代水涝灾害变化主要有65,32,17,10和3~4 a的周期。该区清代洪涝灾害的发生主要是年降水增加和年内降水集中造成的。鄂尔多斯高原西部清代出现了2次湿润气候事件,分别出现在1774-1783和1814-1823年。

    Abstract:

    [Objective] To reveal the rules and grade of west Ordos plateau flood disasters in Qing dynasty.[Methods] The method of historical literature analysis and wavelet analysis method were used to research relevant problem.[Results] The study concluded that the western Ordos Plateau flood disasters during the Qing Dynasty happened 89 times and occurred averagely 0.34 times per year. Flood disasters in the western Ordos Plateau during Qing Dynasty could be divided into 5 stages, from 1644 to 1733 was the Ⅰ stage, from 1734 to 1783 was the Ⅱ stage, from 1784 to 1813 was the Ⅲ stage, from 1814 to 1863 was the Ⅳ stage, and from 1864 to 1912 was the Ⅴ stage. The Ⅰ, Ⅲ and Ⅴ stage belonged to low stage, the Ⅱ and Ⅳ stage belonged to high stage. In the area during Qing Dynasty, 89 times flood disaster occurred, and the mild disasters accounted for 24.7%, moderate disasters accounted for 65.2%, severe disasters accounted for 10.1%.[Conclusion] The cycles of flooding disaster occurrences during Qing Dynasty of the Western Ordos Plateau is 65 a, 32 a, 17 a, 10 a and 3 a to 4 a, respectively. The occurrence of floods in this area is mainly due to the increasing annual precipitation and the concentration of annual precipitation. There are 2 humid climate events appeared in the Western Ordos Plateau during the Qing Dynasty, from 1774 to1783 and from 1814 to 1823.

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赵景波,周岳,李如意,祁子云.鄂尔多斯高原西部清代洪涝灾害与气候事件特征[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(1):344-348

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历史
  • 收稿日期:2013-12-16
  • 最后修改日期:2014-01-18
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  • 在线发布日期: 2016-04-05
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