[Objective] To develop a comprehensive index for the evaluation of soil and water loss in production and construction projects in order to provide a basis for the classification of management strategies. [Methods] The 2 227 projects were selected from 31 production and construction projects types at national, provincial, and prefecture levels in eigth first class national soil and water conservation zones. Then the information on 13 indexes such as disturbed surface soil area, damaged vegetation area, cubic meter of earth and stone, permanent discarded earth and stone, etc. were collected in every project. The index system of production and construction projects were divided into 4 grades as the destination layer(influencing on soil water erosion), criterion layer(the types of production and construction projects), constraints layer( the first class soil water conservation divisions), index layer( the index about soil and water loss) based on the consultation with specialist and the analytic hierarchy process(AHP) method. [Results] The index of the linear works showed a trend as the southwestern karst area>the northwestern Loess Plateau area and Tibetan Plateau area>the southern red soil area, northern earth and rock area and northeastern black earth area>the northern sand wind area. The index of soil and water loss of the point works was higher in the southwestern karst area and southwestern purple soil area, and low in the north sand wind area. [Conclusion] The gradation system is reasonable in the index system of soil and water loss in a production and construction projects. Comprehensive index calculated by AHP method can be used as evaluation index of soil and water loss, reflecting potential influence of soil and water loss in a production and construction projects.