[Objective] Under the condition of sandy afforestation, change of soil chemical properties under Haloxylon ammodendron forest with different planting year was examined in order to provide theoretical basis for construction of shelter forest ecological engineering. [Methods] The soil chemical property of non-irrigated conditions shelter forest land surface was investigated in the Gurbantunggut Desert. Dynamic variation of soil crusts, 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm layer soil salt and nutrient were analyzed and compared. [Results] The soil pH value and total salt content were higher than those in sand land after establishment of Haloxylon ammodendron forest. The soil alkalization trend is quite evident. The soil pH value and the total salt content increased firstly and then decreased with shelterbelt ages. 8 ion content was increased with shelterbelt ages. The soil pH value and the total salt content and eight ions reduced from the top to deeper layer. Soil organic matter content increased firstly and then decreased with the shelterbelt ages. Soil total nitrogen, phosphorus and available phosphorus, potassium increased with shelterbelt ages, while soil total potassium decreased and available nitrogen increased firstly and then decreased with shelterbelt ages. [Conclusion] The construction of the shelter forest is conducive to the development of sandy soil, and soil quality has been improved.