[Objective] We aimed to identify the driving factors that influence the cultivated land use system security in order to provide basis for the protection of cultivated land and guarantee of food security.[Methods] Bayan County, a typical black soil region of Northeastern China was selected as a case study to identify the driving factors that influence the security of cultivated land use system. "3S" technology was used, correlation analysis and Logistic regression model were employed. Single factor evaluation and Kriging methods was used to reveal the influence degree and spatial distribution of driving forces.[Results] (1) The landform type, soil type, soil texture, available phosphorus, drainage capability and safety policies and regulations showed a positive effect on cultivated land use system security. While elevation, the ratio vegetation index, water loss, population density and soil erosion showed a negative effect on cultivated land use system security.(2) The driving factors broke the original land use pattern, and presented a spatial distribution properties based on the geographic space.[Conclusion] (1) Each driving factor has different effects on the cultivated land use system security in the study area.(2) The impacts of driving factors on the cultivated land use system security show different spatial distribution and various patterns.