人为干预下喀斯特峡谷区不同土地利用类型对土壤理化性质的影响
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国家重点基础科学(973)研究发展计划项目"人为干预下喀斯特山地石漠化的演变机制与调控"(2012 CB723202);贵州省重大科技专项计划项目(黔科合重大专项字[2013]6024号);贵州省国际科际合作计划项目(黔科合外G字[2012]7022号)


Synergetic Influences of Human Intervention and Land Use Type on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in Karst Valley Area
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    [目的] 探究人为干预下喀斯特峡谷区不同土地利用类型对土壤理化性质的影响,为岩溶山区的生态环境保护和可持续发展提供科学依据。[方法] 以贵州省花江喀斯峡谷示范区生态系统土壤为研究区,选取典型喀斯特石漠化治理区域进行野外定点取样,通过室内分析的方法进行不同土地利用石漠化地区土壤理化性质比较研究。[结果] (1)土壤含水量随着土层深度的增加递增,土壤含水量大小依次为:封山育林 >径流场 >坡改梯 >自然灌丛 >撂荒地,形成土壤水分的垂直变化;(2)经过改良后坡改梯通过种植花椒的田间持水量明显比草地含量高,相对于进行石漠化治理并合理耕作的坡改梯花椒地来说,荒草地的持水能力明显下降;(3)石漠化环境下土壤颗粒分散、土体结构破坏,土壤通透能力下降,孔隙的变化规律为:林地 >坡改梯 >灌草丛 >耕地 >撂荒地;(4)示范区土壤总钾偏高,与pH值呈正相关,总氮普遍低于全国农田氮含量,土壤养分不足。[结论] 不同土地利用条件下土壤特征有显著差异,这种差异是基于不同石漠化等级下不同土地利用的治理措施造成的。花江示范区土壤持水效益低,土壤养分不足,不利于耕作,农业产量不高,建议花江示范区应减少耕地,多种植经济林和草地,保护天然林地。

    Abstract:

    [Objective] Under the background of artificial interference, the effects of different land use types on soil physicochemical properties in the karst gorge area were investigated in order to provide some supports for the environment protection and sustainable development in karst mountainous area.[Methods] Huajiang Karst Gorge Demoustration Zone of Guizhou Province was selected as the research area. Where the soils from different land use types of rocky desertification area were sampled and the physicochemical properties were assayed.[Results] (1) Soil moisture content was relative high at deeper soil layer. Soil moistures sampled from different land use types had a layer averaged rank as:closed mountain land >runoff land >slope-transformed terrace land >shrub land >abandoned land.(2) Filed moisture capacity of slope-transformed terrace with Chinese prickly ash established on it was higher than that of abandoned land.(3) The rocky desertification usually had the properties of dispersed soil particle, damaged soil structure, and declined soil permeability ability. The rank of porosity is:forest land >slope-transformed terrace >natural shrub >arable land >abandoned land.(4) Total potassium content is higher and positively correlated with pH values. The nitrogen content is below the country-wide mean level, soil nutrients are insufficient.[Conclusion] Land use patterns which have different soil features are the synergetic effects of rocky desertification grades and land use measures. The water carrying capacity and nutrition in the soil of Huajiang area were evaluated to be at low level and the products on it are low. Where the lands are not appropriate to be cultivated. Hence, it is suggested that the present cultivated lands should be dwindled; And meanwhile economic forest lands and grasslands be enlarged; and again the natural forest lands should be preserved.

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田涟祎,周忠发,闫利会.人为干预下喀斯特峡谷区不同土地利用类型对土壤理化性质的影响[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(6):92-96

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  • 收稿日期:2014-09-29
  • 最后修改日期:2014-10-12
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  • 在线发布日期: 2016-04-05
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