[Objective] The objective of this study is to analyze the effects of different straw mulching treatments on slope runoff and sediment yield in order to provide technical support for soil and water conservation measures in sloping land. [Methods] Simulated rainfall was conducted to assess the effects of straw mulching on slope runoff and sediment yield under different rainfall intensity. [Results] Straw mulch could delay the initial runoff-yielding time, especially under lower rainfall intensity. As the rainfall intensity increased, the differences among all treatments decreased. The initial runoff-yielding time in the lower slope was longer than that in the upper slope. The mean runoff modulus and erosion modulus in the lower slope accounts for 61.57%~69.1% and 14.54%~18.31% of that in the bare land, respectively. The soil loss ratio(SLR) value ranged from 0.022 to 0.611, and in lower slope it accounted for 25% of that in the upper slope. The soil loss ratio decreased with the increase of straw mulching coverage. [Conclusion] Choosing the optimal straw mulching position and coverage can effectively reduce surface runoff and sediment yield, and it is of great importance for soil and water conservation in the Three Gorges reservoir area.