[Objective] The paper aimed to measure and evaluate the environmental carrying capacity and pollution risk of livestock breeding in ecological economic zone of Poyang Lake in order to provide reference for rational planning and sustainable development of livestock breeding in ecological economic zone the Poyang Lake. [Methods] The environment carrying capacity and pollution risk of livestock breeding in 24 counties(cities) of the ecological economic zone were assessed based on the numbers of various livestock in the ecological economic zone in 2000-2012. [Results] The alarming value of animal manure was about 0.7, the alarming value measured by nitrogen was between 0.5 and 0.6, and the alarming value measured by phosphorus exceeded 1, indicating livestock breeding has caused environmental pollutions. Areas with higher pollution risks from the release of nitrogen and phosphorous were Gaoan City, Dongxiang County, Yujiang County, Dean County and Nanchang County. [Conclusions] The breeding of livestock in higher pollution risk areas should be controlled, but in other areas such as Hukou County, Duchang County and Pengze County, the pollution risks were low and the breeding scale still has room to develop.