[Objective] The regional carbon emission and the associated efficiency were analyzed in order to comprehensively grasp the development trend of regional economic quality and to give some hints to improve resource utilization efficiency. [Methods] Based on the IPCC carbon listing, DEA and Malmquist index models were used to analyze the carbon efficiency of land use in Hubei Province in 2001-2011. [Results] (1) Carbon emission from land use in Hubei Province had an averaged annual growth rate of 9.3%, which was lower than the rate of GDP(14.13%).A large part of emission was sourced from construction land. (2) The annual efficiency of carbon emission from land use was 0.803 6, it experienced a decline-to-rise fluctuation around 2006. The fluctuation was impelled by the agricultural preferential policy, the financial crisis and other external factors. (3) The total factor efficiency of carbon emission from land use grew yearly by 24.64%, which can mainly be attributed to the technological progress, whereas, the change of comprehensive technical efficiency had a negative effect on efficiency improvement. [Conclusion] The total carbon emission from land use in Hubei Province was observed with a rising tendency and low efficiency. Meanwhile, the total factor efficiency index of carbon emission from land use also got steady rise. We proposed that adjustment of economy structure, ceiling control of productivity should be paid more attention to improve the efficiency of carbon emission by technical progress, and to make the economic system run efficiently.