[Objective] We took Jiangsu Province as a case study to investigate the key influence factors, the variation characteristics and the relationships between urbanization development and water resources development and utilization in order to coordinate the development of urbanization and utilization of water resource.[Methods] Evaluation index system of the comprehensive development level of urbanization and potential development and utilization of water resources in Jiangsu Province was constructed by entropy weight method. The response relationship model and correlation analysis was employed.[Results] During the study period, especially from 2008 to 2012, Jiangsu Province was in a period of rapid economic development. The economic and social development level was lagged behind the population and area increase, and the urbanization was not coordinated. With the advance of urbanization process, the level of water resources development and utilization increased steadily, however, the water resource amount decreased and the water resources pollution increased year by year. The shortage of water resources restricted the development of urbanization in 2004, 2009, 2010.[Conclusion] There is a certain response relationship between urbanization process and water resources usage. At present, Jiangsu Province is facing the task of improving the coordination of urbanization, it need to reform the traditional expansion of urbanization and to use the water resource rationally and efficiently.