[Objective] To study the relationship between the change of cultivated land and the developments of different industry and provide some references for reasonable use and protection of cultivated land resources, and for promoting regional social and economic sustainable development in Hubei Province.[Methods] Based on the collected data of cultivated land area, primary industry output, secondary industry output and tertiary industry output during 1991 to 2014 in Hubei Province, this paper tested whether there is a long-term stable equilibrium relationship among the above variables using the methods of unit root and co-integration. And by the methods of impulse response function and variance decomposition, this paper further analyzed the relationship between cultivated land area and different industry outputs respectively.[Results] There existed equilibrium relationship between the cultivated land area and each kind of the industry output in the long term in Hubei Province. The impulse response function can be used to analyze the relationship of these variables. The primary industry and the tertiary industry outputs were advantageous to the protection of cultivated land, but with only small contributions to it. The development of secondary industry needs a large consumption of cultivated land resource but in a long run, this kind of pressure can be eased with the gradual adjustment of its structure. According to the result of variance decomposition, the contributions of cultivated land area to the developments of all industry are low, while the secondary industry has an obvious promoting effect on the primary and tertiary industry, meaning that the cultivated land consumed was underused.[Conclusion] Hubei Province needs to promote sustainable development of social economy, to deal well with the relationship between the cultivated land protection and economic development. Issues of improving the efficiencies of land use and economy, modifying industrial structure, and forming a virtuous circle are in urgent need.