[Objective] To Investigate the relief degree of land surface in Hubei Province and illustrate its quantitative correlations with population and economy, in order to provide scientific grounds for the formulation of reasonable policy of population and economy, and the guidance of reasonable distribution of population and economy, as well as the governance of ecological environment.[Methods] The best statistical units for relief degree in Hubei Province were determined using neighborhood analysis, mean change point analysis. The relief degree classification map of Hubei Province was drawn according to the given classification criteria and the influence of relief degree on the distributions of population and economy were analyzed in the investigated region.[Results] The landform generally constituted by plains and hills in Hubei Province. Plains mainly distributed in Jianghan Plain, and the hills mainly distributed in Northern Huanggang, Xianning, Southern Huangshi, Northern Exi and most parts of Southern Exi. These two landforms cover 70% of the total area of Hubei Province. With the increase of the relief degree of land surface, county population density and economic density was both gradually decreased. The smaller the relief degree of counties was, the more vertically scattered of population density and economic density.[Conclusion] There was a negative correlation between the relief degree and population density and economic density, and the relief degree of land surface has strong negative impacts on the distributions of population and economy.