[Objective] To designate key control zones for soil and water loss at or above the county level, and to guide the scientific development of soil and water conservation measures and to improve the effectiveness of soil erosion control.[Methods] On the basis of dividing national and the key prevention regions of soil and water loss in Shaanxi Province, forest coverage, soil erosion intensity and soil erosion control degree were used as quantitative indexes. Headstream, water source and protective zone of basic farmland were used as qualitative indexes.[Results] Using GIS and RS technology, by explaining the remote sensing translation using town as a basic unit, through the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, the research generated a division graph of key prevention regions of soil and water loss in Shaanxi Province. It was further modified using the qualitative indexes upon the rules of "fragment connected to area, key region outstood, and generalized appropriately. The classification and nomenclature of key prevention regions of soil and water loss focused on geomorphic type, and reference function of soil and water conservation.[Conclusion] This article divided Shaanxi Province into 6 soil and water loss prophylaxis areas and 6 soil and water loss control areas, which could provide a basis for the soil and water conservation planning of Shaanxi Province, being prepared and for standardizing soil and water conservation supervision work in production and construction projects, and also a reference for cities and counties division of soil and water loss prevention and control areas.