[Objective] The effects of different vegetation types on soil enzyme activities, nutrients and microbial diversities were studied aimed to provide support for the vegetation construction in Loess Plateau.[Methods] According to the characteristics of the study area, four vegetation types (meadow, Caragana microphylla, Populus tremula and Artemisia) were selected. The differences and correlations of soil enzyme activities, soil nutrients and microbial diversities in different soil layers within the same and among vegetation types were evaluated with the SPSS. The corrections of soil microbial and environmental factors were analyzed with Canoco.[Results] ① Under different vegetation types, the soil enzyme activities and soil nutrients decreased with the increasing soil depth. The enzyme activities were the highest in Artemisia. The pH value of the meadow increased with the soil depth, and the content of organic carbon in surface soil was the highest. The content of nitrate nitrogen was the highest in P. tremula, and the content of ammonium nitrogen was the highest in C. microphylla. ② There was a significant or extremely significant correlation between soil nutrients, and there was an extremely significant correlation between soil enzyme activities. There was an extremely significant correlation between soil enzyme activities and soil organic carbon. There was also a significant correlation between soil enzyme activities and soil nitrate nitrogen. ③ High soil microbe diversities were found in the surface soil (0-10 cm) at the phylum level. The fungicidal communityⅠhad a positive correlation with soil pH value, nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen, but negatively correlated with soil enzyme activities; fungicidal community Ⅱ had a positive correlation with soil enzyme activities, but negatively correlated with nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, organic carbon and pH value. There was a negative correlation between fungicidal communityⅠand fungicidal community Ⅱ and Ⅲ. There was a positive correlation between bacteria and enzyme activities and a negative correlation between bacteria and soil nutrients.[Conclusion] Vegetation types affect soil enzyme activities, nutrients and microbial diversities. In the process of vegetation construction, the Artemisia should be planted to improve the soil ecological environment.