冀北山地阔叶林对降雨再分配的影响
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国家自然科学基金项目“基于森林空间结构的华北落叶松人工林种子萌发及幼苗成活机制研究”(31500523);河北省林业厅科学技术研究计划资助项目(1705488)


Effects of Broad-leaved Forest on Rainfall Redistribution in Mountain Land in Northern Hebei Province
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    摘要:

    [目的]探讨冀北山地阔叶林林冠层的穿透降雨、冠层截留和树干径流对降雨再分配的影响,为该地区的森林建设、森林结构调整提供依据。[方法]利用SPSS专业统计分析软件对林地降雨的数据进行相关性分析和回归分析。[结果]林分的穿透雨占的比例是最大(占到总比例的70.22%),林冠截留其次(为28.20%),而树干径流占得比例最小(为1.58%);穿透雨量与林外降雨量有比较好的线性关系(R2=0.997 9),林分在降雨比较小的时候是不会有穿透雨的,当林外降雨量达到0.78 mm时开始出现穿透雨。林冠截留在降雨的再分配过程中占有很重要的作用,林冠截留量与林外降雨量有明显的幂函数关系,达到了极显著水平(p<0.01)。树干径流量与林外降雨量呈现正相关的关系(R2=0.9703),阔叶树林在降雨达到4.88 mm时才会出现树干径流,但是树干径流具有一定的时滞性,而时滞性的大小和林木本身及雨量的强弱都有很大的关系,当叶面积指数较小,并且枝干夹角成45%,林木表面光滑则形成比较容易。[结论]林冠层对降雨的再分配过程有重要影响,冀北山地阔叶林林冠层的水文效应与森林健康发展具有一定的关系。

    Abstract:

    [Objective] The paper aims to discuss the influence of canopy rainfall penetration, canopy interception and trunk runoff on rainfall redistribution in the mountainous hilly forest of Northern Hebei Province, and provide a basis for forest construction and forest structure adjustment in this area.[Methods] The correlation analysis and regression analysis of forest rainfall data were conducted on SPSS.[Results] The penetrating rain accounted for the largest proportion, accounting for 70.22% of the total. The canopy interception accounted for 28.20% while the trunk runoff accounted for 1.58% (R2=0.997 9), there was no rain through the forest when the rainfall was relatively small. And when the rainfall outside the forest reached 0.78 mm, penetration occurs. Canopy interception played a very important role in the redistribution of rainfall. There was a significant power function relationship between canopy interception and rainfall outside the forest (p<0.01). There was a positive correlation between trunk runoff and rainfall outside the forest (R2=0.9703). When the rainfall reached 4.88 mm, the trunk runoff occurred in the broad-leaved forest, but the trunk runoff had a time lag, which was closely related to the forest itself and the intensity of rainfall. When the leaf area index is small, and the angle between branches is about 45%, the bark surface was smooth, trunk runoff was relatively easy to occur.[Conclusion] The forest canopy had an important influence on the redistribution of rainfall. The hydrological effects of the canopy of broad-leaved forest in northern Hebei Province were related to the forest health development.

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王昱程.冀北山地阔叶林对降雨再分配的影响[J].水土保持通报,2018,38(1):107-110,115

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  • 收稿日期:2017-08-21
  • 最后修改日期:2017-09-13
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  • 在线发布日期: 2018-03-08
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