[Objective] Effect of the soil and water conservation in Baiquan County of Heilongjiang Province has been evaluated for the soil and water conservation project. The results could provide some suggestions for further planning of the soil and water conservation and the development of ecological environment.[Methods] This paper analyzed the soil loss variation using the soil loss model for the soil conservation projects based on the field survey from 2008 to 2015. The land use data was extracted from the remote sensing images. The soil conservation was assessed based on the aforementioned methods.[Results] The land use was dominated by cultivated land and the area of soil erosion accounted for 27.37% of total land area. From 2011 to 2015, the land use transferred from cultivated land to settlements, industrial and mining land and forest land. The total area of soil erosion decreased by 193.8 km², and the ecological environment improved. The new area covered with soil and water conservation measures was 103.49 km². The total conserved soil was 507 338.86 t with the implementation of terracing measures, strip ridging and ridging, of which total conserved soil from 2008 to 2010 accounted for 3.80%. From 2011 to 2015, the soil conservation increased year by year, and the conserved soil in 2015 accounted for 34.04% of total conserved soil. The soil conservation of terraced fields was the largest, accounting for 40.21% of the total soil conservation, followed by strip ridging and ridging, accounting for 37.23% and 22.56%, respectively.[Conclusions] Soil and water conservation projects produced remarkable effect on soil conservation. The distribution of conservation measures should be optimized and investing more resources in terracing and strip riding for improving the conservation effect.