[Objective] The characteristics of polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) pollution of surface sediments in Dongping Lake were studied in order to provide the scientific basis for pollution control and risk assessment.[Methods] PCB28,PCB52,PCB101,PCB118,PCB153,PCB138 and PCB180 in 16 different surface sediments samples were monitored in Dongping Lake in July 2015. GC-ECD was used to determine the concents of PCBs. Ecological risk assessment of PCBs in surface sediments of Dongping Lake was conducted by EPA method.[Results] The total content of PCBs was in the range of nd~605.9 ng/kg, the mean value was 126 ng/kg, and standard deviation was 153. In terms of spatial distribution, its order was:the central of the lake area(184.5 ng/kg) > entrance of lake area(149.9 ng/kg) > the southwest of the lake area(101.4 ng/kg) > the northern of the lake area(46.7 ng/kg). PCBs homologues were mainly composed of PCB7(66.72%) in the study area. Compared with other xregions sediments, PCBs in surface sediments of Dongping Lake were at a lower level. The ecological risk assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) in surface sediments of Dongping Lake using Regulations the United States Environmental Protection Agency(EPA), the probability of biological toxicity was much less than 10%.[Conclusion] Due to influence of hydrological factors, there was a decreasing trend of spatial distribution from the entrance of the Dawen River to the northwest direction of the PCBs in the surface sediments of Dongping Lake. The concentration of PCBs in sediments has no serious effect on the environmental safety of water, and it has no toxic effect on most benthic organism.