风沙区煤矿复垦地土壤颗粒的组成与分形特征
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Composition and Fractal Dimension Characteristics of Soil Particles in Reclaimed Land of Coal Mine in Wind-sandy Area
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    摘要:

    [目的] 研究风沙区煤矿复垦地土壤颗粒的组成与分形特征,为恢复和改善矿区土壤生态功能提供科学依据。[方法] 结合分形理论对陕北风沙区大柳塔煤矿复垦地3种植被类型和未复垦的裸沙地土壤颗粒组成及其分形维数进行对比研究。[结果] ①研究区复垦地的土壤颗粒组成以细砂为主。乔木、灌木林地和裸沙地的土壤颗粒次集中于中砂,而草地的土壤颗粒次集中于极细砂。植被覆盖对土壤细粒物质含量的影响具有层次性,3种植被类型0—30 cm土壤中黏、粉粒含量显著高于裸沙地。②土壤颗粒分形维数为1.306~2.490,均值依次为:草地(2.425) > 灌木林地(2.300) > 乔木林地(1.626) > 裸沙地(1.550),且不同植被类型的分形维数变化也具层次性。各深度上,草地与灌木林地的分形维数无显著差异,且皆显著高于乔木林与裸沙地。③分形维数与土壤颗粒组成密切相关,与黏、粉粒含量显著正相关,与粗砂含量显著负相关,但与土壤含水量和有机质则无显著相关性。[结论] 大柳塔煤矿复垦地的土壤颗粒组成及分形维数差异较大,植被类型为草地或灌木对矿区土壤颗粒细化、改善环境有较好的促进作用。

    Abstract:

    [Objective] Soil particle composition and fractal dimension was observed in reclaimed soils in order to provide scientific evidences for restoring and improving ecological function of mined soils in wind-sandy area.[Methods] We compared the soil particle composition and its fractal dimension characteristics under three vegetation types and unreclaimed substrates in Daliuta coal mine based on fractal theory.[Results] ① Soil in this wind-sandy area was predominantly fine sand, with the remainder mainly comprised of medium sand at arbor forest, shrubbery and bare sand, while comprised of very fine sand at grassland sites. The effect of vegetation type on soil fine particles varied with soil layers. The content of clay and silt in 0-30 cm of reclaimed soils was significantly higher than that in bare sandy land. ② Fractal dimension of soil particles was 1.306~2.490, and the average value was as follows:grassland (2.425) > shrubbery (2.300) > arbor forest (1.626) > bare sand land (1.550). Changes in fractal dimension were layer-dependent. There is no significant difference between grassland and shrubbery in all soil layers. However, the fractal dimension of grassland and shrubbery is significant higher than that of arbor forest and bare sand land. ③ Fractal dimension is tightly related to soil particle composition, but not to soil moisture and soil organic matter. We found a significantly positive relationship with the clay and silt content, and a negative relationship with the coarse sand content.[Conclusion] It is a quite difference in soil particle composition and fractal dimension between vegetation types. Grassland and shrubbery land could promote the soil grain refinement which can be adopted to reverse the mined environment.

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张孝中,徐崟尧,王惠泽.风沙区煤矿复垦地土壤颗粒的组成与分形特征[J].水土保持通报,2018,38(6):121-126

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  • 收稿日期:2018-06-10
  • 最后修改日期:2018-07-19
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  • 在线发布日期: 2019-01-07
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