[Objective] To explore the effects of different organic matter on soil fertility of newly reclaimed land, in order to provide a scientific basis for subsequent fertilization management of newly reclaimed land. [Methods] Taking three different organic matters as the influencing factor and blank as the control, a 3-year continuous plot experiment was conducted, under a vegetable planting pattern of tree harvest a year, to investigate the effects of different organic matter on fertility and vegetable growth in newly reclaimed red soil. [Results] Among three kinds of organic matters, the treatment of commercial organic fertilizer showed the best effect on newly reclaimed red soil and vegetable growth. [Conclusion] The commercial organic fertilizer can be recommended as one of the foreign organic matter applied in newly reclaimed red soil region. The effect of edible fungus residue is the second, which can be used as an alternative product. The effect of rice straw is poor.