[Objective] To study the health status of cultivated land resource utilization system in Anhui Province during 2007-2016 in order to provide references for future work. [Methods] The DPSIR index evaluation system was constructed, and the health status of cultivated land resource utilization system in Anhui Province in the past 10 years was measured by using TOPSIS model. Meanwhile, the obstacle model was used to analyze the main restrictive factors. [Results] From 2007 to 2016, the health level of cultivated land resource utilization system in Anhui Province was changed from unhealthy to sub-healthy, and the health condition was improved significantly. Generally, the most serious obstacle in the health criteria of cultivated land resource utilization system was the pressure subsystem. The main obstacles were GDP growth rate, crop disaster area, pesticide use, farmland occupied by construction, and agricultural plastic film use. [Conclusion] Using DPSIR model to construct the evaluation index system of cultivated land resources utilization system and using TOPSIS method to analysis the health level of cultivated land resource utilization system is feasible in Anhui Province. Although the overall health level in Anhui Province shows a steady upward trend, the utilization system of cultivated land resources is still at a sub-health level limited by the pressure subsystem.