[Objective] The influences of silt-laden inflow on ephemeral gully erosion process of bare slope and grassland slope were studied in order to provide theoretical basis for soil erosion control of ephemeral gully and lay a foundation for establishing a soil erosion model for loess areas.[Methods] A series of field rainfall simulation experiments were conducted on an artificial ephemeral gully(EG) to investigate the impacts of upslope inflowon runoff and erosion processes within the EG.[Results] The silt-laden inflow significantly increased the erosion of the bare slope with ephemeral gully by 15%~58%, and had no significant effect on the erosion of the grassland with ephemeral gully, indicating that grassland had significant benefits for reducing the erosion caused by the convergence. Under the experimental conditions, the sediment concentration of the bare slope and the grassland slope reached the maximum at the beginning of the runoff and then gradually decreased, and finally kept stable. However, the time required for the sediment concentration to stabilize under the silt-laden inflow increased. The silt-laden inflow accelerated the development of ephemeral gully, especially on the width and the depth of the ephemeral gully. While the grassland significantly slowed down the erosion of the ephemeral gully, especially the development of ephemeral gully under cut retarded. For the bare slope and grassland with ephemeral gully, the silt-laden inflow increased the flow velocity of the ephemeral gully, especially the average velocity of the grassland with ephemeral gully increased by 55%.[Conclusion] The amount of ephemeral gully erosion and the speed of ephemeral gully development on bare slope increased with increasing silt-laden inflow, while the impact on the erosion and development of the ephemeral gully on grassland slope was not significant.