[Objective] The impacts of land use/cover change(LUCC) on the regional ecological environment in agro-pastoral transitional zone in Northern China were studied in order to provide a theoretical reference for future land use in similar areas.[Methods] Based on the changing survey information and land use data of Duolun County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2004, 2009 and 2014, the spatio-temporal data from 2004 to 2014 was obtained. And consulting the research results of Costanza and Gao et al, the ecosystem service values, ecological environment quality index and the contribution proportions of land use/cover types were selected, to build the assessment system between LUCC and ecological environment qualty.[Results] ① The land use/cover types had obviously changed in 2004-2014. ② The total value of ecosystem services kept improving and mainly came from woodland. While the reduction of ecological service values of grassland, farmland, water area and unused land weakened the increasing trend in some extent, the change rules of ecosystem service values were similar to area changes respectively. ③ From the point of ecological environment quality index changes, the ecological environment quality of this study area improved. But from the change details, this change had two-way driving mechanism. Grassland transferred to farmland and construction land was the dominant factor of degradation of the ecological environment, while the unused land transferred to grassland and woodland promoted the improvement of the ecological environment quality.[Conclusion] In the process of ecological civilization construction, it should attach great importance to the impact of land use change on regional ecological environment in ecologically fragile areas, and guide the sustainable and high-quality development of regional population, economy, resources and environment by improving the efficiency of land use, strengthening the construction of "mountain, paddy field, forest, lake and grass" life community and building a reasonable land and space planning system.